I use MathJax regularly, and I hope that questions about MathJax will be allowed on the tex.stackexchange website in the future.
All code which is valid in MathJax is also valid in LaTeX.
For example, we have the following MathJax code which will execute on math.stackexchange and it will execute just fine in LaTeX as well:
$$\sum_{i=0}^n i^2 = \frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$$
The above works fine in LaTeX just as must as it works in MathJax.
A screen capture of the results is embedded below:
The website, imgur, compresses images. The .JPEG
image above looks much blurrier than it does on this page, when actually rendered by MathJax.
I hope that, someday, there will be an alternative to MathJax. However, MathJax is the only tool I have seen for rendering mathematical equations on the stack exchange family of websites. For now, MathJax is one of my favorite tools for that job.